Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technological developments of the twenty-first century, significantly influencing social institutions, cultural practices, economic systems, and human interaction. While AI offers opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and global connectivity, it simultaneously raises critical sociological concerns related to inequality, ethics, employment, surveillance, and social stratification. The present conceptual paper examines the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and society through a sociological lens by integrating major theoretical perspectives such as structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and technological determinism. The paper explores the impact of AI on education, employment, governance, culture, and global inequality while critically analyzing emerging ethical and social challenges including algorithmic bias, digital exclusion, and loss of human autonomy. Drawing upon contemporary sociological discourse, the study emphasizes the need for responsible and human-centered AI development supported by inclusive policies, digital equity, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The paper contributes to the growing discourse on AI and society by offering a comprehensive conceptual understanding of how technological transformation reshapes social structures and human experiences in contemporary society.
Artificial Intelligence; Sociology; Technological Determinism; Social Change; Digital Inequality
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